GENOCIDE AND ETHNOCIDE OF SAN (BUSHMEN) IN SOUTHERN AFRICA:  A BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Wayne A. Babchuk

Robert K. Hitchcock

 

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Lee, Richard B. and Irven DeVore (1968) Problems in the Study of Hunters and Gatherers.  In Man the Hunter, Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore, eds. pp. 3‑20.  Chicago:  Aldine.

 

Lee, Richard B. and Mathias Guenther (1991) Oxen or Onions?  The Search for Trade (and Truth) in the Kalahari.  Current Anthropology 32(5):592‑601.

 

Lee, Richard B. and Mathias G. Guenther (1993) Problems in Kalahari Historical Ethnography and the Tolerance of Error.  History in Africa 20:185‑235.

 

Lee, Richard B. and Robert K. Hitchcock (1998) African Hunter-Gatherers: History and the Politics of Ethnicity. In Transformations in Africa: Essays on Africa’s Later Past, Graham Connah, ed. Pp. 14-45.  London: Leicester University Press.

 

Lee, Richard B. and Robert K. Hitchcock (2001) African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History, and the Politics of Identity.  African Study Monographs, Supplement 26:257-280.

 

Lee, Richard B., Robert Hitchcock, and Megan Biesele (2002) Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today.  Cultural Survival Quarterly 26(1):9-12. 

 

 

Lee, Richard B. and Ida Susser (2006) Confounding Conventional Wisdom:  The Ju’hoansi and HIV/AIDS. In Updating the San: Image and Reality of an African People in the 21st Century. Robert K. Hitchcock, Kazunobu Ikeya. Megan Biesele, and Richard B. Lee, eds. Pp. 45-60.  Senri Ethnological Studies 70. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology.

 

LeRoux, Braam (1996) Community-Owned Development amongst the Marginalised San Communities of the Kalahari, as Adopted by a San Community Development Organization, the Kuru Development Trust.  Working Papers in Early Childhood Development 22.  The Hague, The Netherlands:  Bernard van Leer Foundation

 

LeRoux, Braam and Axel Thoma (1995) Project Proposal for the Establishment of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa: A Regional Network, Angola, Botswana Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.  Gaborone, Botswana and Windhoek, Namibia. 

 

Le Roux, Braam and Axel Thoma (1995) “’If We Don’t Know our Rights We Are Losers’. Reflections Upon the Necessity for a Regional Representative Platform of San. Paper submitted to the CCN Round-table Consultation, Windhoek, Namibia

 

LeRoux, Willemien and Alison White (2004) Voices of the San: Living in Southern Africa Today. Cape Town: Kwela Books.

 

Marshall, Lorna (1976) The !Kung of Nyae Nyae.  Cambridge:  Harvard University Press.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1958) The Harmless People.  New York:  Random House, Vintage Books.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1980) Over a Span of Thirty Years, An American Family Records the Disappearing Culture of the Kalahari Bushmen.  Smithsonian 11(1):86-95.

 

Marshall Thomas, Elizabeth (1990) The Old Way. The New Yorker, October 15, 1990.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1994) Management of Violence among the Ju/wasi of Nyae Nyae: The Old Way and a New Way.  In Studying War: Anthropological Perspectives, S.P. Reyna and R.E. Downs, eds. Pp. 69-84.  Langhorne, Pennsylvania: Gordon and Breach.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2003) The Lion Bushman Relationship in Nyae Nyae in the 1950s:  A Relationship Crafted in the Old Way. Anthropologica 45(1):73-78.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2006a) The Lion/Bushman Relationship in the Nyae Nyae in the 1950s: A Relationship Crafted in the Old Way. In The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice, Jacqueline B. Solway, ed. Pp. 119-128. New York and London: Berghahn Books.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2006b) The Old Way: A Story of the First People.  New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

 

Miers, Suzanne and Michael Crowder (1988) The Politics of Slavery in Bechuanaland: Power Struggles and Plight of the Basarwa in  the Bamangwato Reserve, l926‑l940.  In The End of Slavery in Africa, Suzanne Miers and Richard Roberts, eds.  pp. l72‑200.  Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

 

Mogwe, Alice (1992) Who Was (T)here First?  An Assessment of the Human Rights Situation of Basarwa in Selected Communities in the Gantsi District, Botswana.  Gaborone, Botswana:  Botswana Christian Council.

 

Moodie, Donald S. (1838) The Record, or Series of Official Papers Relative to the Condition and Treatment of the Native Tribes of South Africa.  Photo Reprint.  Cape Town:  A.A. Balkema.

 

Moodie, Donald S. (1841) The Evidence of the Motives and Objects of the Bushman Wars, 1769-77.  Cape Town:  A.S. Robertson and London: J.M. Richardson.

 

Morris, Alan G. (1996) Trophy Skulls, Museums, and the San.  In Miscast:  Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen, Pippa Skotnes, ed. Pp. 67-79.  Cape Town:  University of Cape Town Press.

 

Motzafi-Haller, Pnina (2002) Fragmented Worlds, Coherent Lives: The Politics of Difference in Botswana.  Westport, Connecticut and London: Bergin and Garvey.

 

‡Oma, Kxao Moses and Axel Thoma (1998) Does Tourism Support or Destroy the Indigenous Cultures of the San?  Paper presented at the Workshop on Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, Geneva, Switzerland, July 28, 1998.

 

Parsons, Neil (1988) Frantz or Klikko, the Wild Dancing Bushman: A Case Study of Khoisan Stereotyping.  Botswana Notes and Records 20:71-76.

 

Robbins, David (2007) On the Bridge of Goodbye: The Story of South Africa’s Discarded San Soldiers.  Johannesburg and Cape Town: Jonathan Ball, Publishers.

 

Robins, Steven (2000) Land Struggles and the Politics and Ethics of Representing “Bushman” History and Identity.  Kronos: Journal of Cape History 26:56-75.

 

Robins, Steven (2001) NGOs, ‘Bushmen’, and Double Vision: The /Khomani San Land Claim and the Cultural Politics of ‘Community’ and ‘Development’ in the Kalahari. Journal of Southern African Studies 27(4):833-853.

 

Robins, Steven. Elias Madzudzo, and Mathias Brenzinger (2001) An Assessment of the Status of the San in South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Center.

 

Robins, Steven. Elias Madzudzo, and Mathias Brenzinger (2001) An Assessment of the Status of the San in South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Center.

 

Sanders, A.J.G.M., ed. (1995) Speaking for the Bushmen.  Gaborone, Botswana: The Botswana Society.

 

Saugestad, Sidsel (2001) The Inconvenient Indigenous: Remote Area Development in Botswana, Donor Assistance, and the First People of the Kalahari.  Uppsala, Sweden: Nordic African Institute.

 

Saugestad, Sidel (2005) ‘Improving their Lives’: State Policies and San Resistance in Botswana. Before Farming 2005/4:1-11.

 

Saugestad, Sidsel (2006) San Development and Challenges in Development Cooperation. In Updating the San: Image and Reality of an African People in the 21st Century. Robert K. Hitchcock, Kazunobu Ikeya. Megan Biesele, and Richard B. Lee, eds. Pp.171-180. Senri Ethnological Studies 70. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology.

 

Schapera, I. (1930) The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa:  Bushmen and Hottentots.  London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

 

Schapera, I. (1939) A Survey of the Bushman Question. Race Relations 6(2):68-83.

 

Sheller, Paul (1977) The People of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve: A Report on the Reconnaissance of the Reserve, July-September, 1976.  Report to the Ministry of Local Government and Lands, Gaborone, Botswana.

 

Silberbauer, George B. (1965) Report to the Government of Bechuanaland on the Bushman Survey.  Gaberones, Bechuanaland:  Government Printer.

 


Silberbauer, George B. (1972) The G/wi Bushmen.  In Hunters and Gatherers Today, M.G.   Bicchieri, ed.  pp. 271‑326.  New York:  Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

 

Silberbauer, George B. (1979) Social Hibernation:  The Response of the G/wi Band to Seasonal Drought.  In Symposium on Drought in Botswana, Madalon T. Hinchey, ed.  pp. 112-120.  Gaborone, Botswana: Botswana Society and Hanover, New Hampshire:  University of New England Press.

 

Silberbauer, George B. (1981a) Hunter and Habitat in the Central Kalahari Desert.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  

Silberbauer, George B. (1981b) Hunter/Gatherers of the Central Kalahari. In Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution, Robert S. O. Harding and Geza Teleki, eds.  Pp.455‑498.  New York:  Columbia University Press.

 

Silberbauer, George B. and Adam J. Kuper (1966) Kgalagari Masters and Bushman Serfs:  Some Observations.  African Studies 25(4):171-179.

 

Smith, Andy, Candy Malherbe, Mat Guenther, and Penny Berens (2000) The Bushmen of Southern Africa:  A Foraging Society in Transition.  Cape Town:  David Philip and Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.

 

Solway, Jacqueline S. (l986) Commercialization and Social Differentiation in a Kalahari Village, Botswana.  Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

 

Solway, Jacqueline S. (1994) Drought as a 'Revelatory Crisis':  An Exploration of  Shifting Entitlements and Hierarchies in the Kalahari,   Botswana.  Development and Change 25:471‑495.

 

Solway, Jacqueline S. and Richard B. Lee (1990) Foragers, Genuine or Spurious? Situating the Kalahari San in History.  Current Anthropology 31(2):l09‑l46.

 

 

Skotnes, Pippa (1996a) Introduction.  In Miscast:  Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen, Pippa Skotnes, ed. Pp. 15-23.  Cape Town:  University of Cape Town Press.

 

Skotnes, Pippa, ed. (1996b) Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen..  Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.

 

Szalay, Miklos (1995) The San and the Colonization of the Cape, 1770-1879.  Koln, Germany: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.

 

Survival International (1999) Botswana Ignores Kalahari ‘Bushman’ Land Ownership. Urgent Action Bulletin. December, 1999. London:  Survival International.

 

Survival International (2001) Botswana: Bushmen Tortured for Hunting. Urgent Action Bulletin.  London:  Survival International.

 

Survival International (2003a) Bushmen. Botswana: Bushman Land Carved Up for Diamond Exploration. Urgent Action Bulletin.  April, 2003.  London:  Survival International.

 

Survival International (2003b) Bushmen. Botswana: Diamonds Bring Despair for the Bushmen. Urgent Action Bulletin.  August, 2003.  London:  Survival International.

 

Survival International (2005) Botswana: Government Moves to Scrap Crucial Bushmen Rights. May, 2005. London: Survival International.

 

Suzman, James (1999) “Things from the Bush”: A Contemporary History of the Omaheke Bushmen.  Basel, Switzerland: P. Schlettwein Publishing.

 

Suzman, James (2001a) An Introduction to the Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa.  Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Center.

 

Suzman, James (2001b) An Assessment of the Status of San in Namibia.  Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Center.

 

Suzman, James (2002) Minorities in Independent Namibia.  London: Minority Rights Group International.

 

Suzman, James (2003-4) Kalahari Conundrums: Relocation, Resistance, and International Support in the Central Kalahari, Botswana. Before Farming 2003-4:12-10.

 

Sylvain, Renee (1999) ‘We Work to Have Life’: Ju/’hoan Women, Work and Survival in the Omaheke Region, Namibia. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

 

Sylvain, Renee (2001) Bushmen, Boers and Baaskaap: Patriarchy and Paternalism on Afrikaner Farms in the Omaheke Region, Namibia. Journal of Southern African Studies 27(4):717-737.

 

Sylvain, Renee (2002) ‘Land, Water, and Truth’: San Identity and Global Indigenism.  American Anthropologist 104(4):1074-1085.

 

Sylvain, Renee (2004) San Women Today: Inequality and Dependency in a Post-Foraging World. Indigenous Affairs 1-2/04:8-13.

 

Sylvain, Renee (2005) Disorderly Development: Globalization and the Concept of ‘Culture’ in the Kalahari. American Ethnologist 32(3): 354-370.

 

Sylvain, Renee (2006) Drinking, Fighting, and Healing: San Struggles for Survival and Solidarity in the Omaheke Region, Namibia. In Updating the San: Image and Reality of an African People in the 21st Century. Robert K. Hitchcock, Kazunobu Ikeya. Megan Biesele, and Richard B. Lee, eds. Pp. 131-142. Senri Ethnological Studies 70. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology.

 

Tanaka, Jiro (1980) The San, Hunter‑Gatherers of the Kalahari:  A Study in Ecological Anthropology.  Tokyo:  University of Tokyo Press.

 

Tanaka, Jiro (1987) The Recent Changes in the Life and Society of the Central Kalahari San.  African Study Monographs 7:37‑5l.

 

Taylor, Julie J. (2007a) Celebrating Victory too Soon?  Reflections on the Outcome of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve Case.  Anthropology Today 23(5):3-5.

 

Taylor, Julie J. (2007b) Rendering the Land Visible.  Cultural Survival Quarterly 31(4):10-15.

 

Taylor, Michael (2000) Life, Land, and Power: Contesting Development in Northern Botswana.  Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Edinburgh.

 

Taylor, Michael (2001) Narratives of Identity and Assertions of Legitimacy: Basarwa in Northern Botswana. Senri Ethnological Studies 59:157-181.

 

Taylor, Michael (2002) Looking for Life in the Okavango Delta: Government Policy and Popular Values Affecting San Livelihood Strategies. Development and Change 33(3):467-488.

 

Taylor, Michael (2004) The Past and Future of San Land Rights in Botswana.  In Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Southern Africa, Robert K. Hitchcock and Diana Vinding, eds. Pp. 152-165. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.

 

Teemashane Trust (2002) The Khwe of the Okavango Panhandle: The Past Life, Part One: Origin, Land, Leaders, and Traditions of the Bugakhwe People  Shakawe, Botswana: Teemashane Trust.


 

Thoma, Axel (1996) The Communal Land and Resource Management System of the San. Paper prepared for the Consultative Conference on Communal Land Administration, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

Thoma, Axel (1998a) Human Rights and the San. Paper prepared for the First SAHRINGON (Southern African Human Rights NGO Network) Annual General Meeting, Lusaka, Zambia, February 23 to 25, 1998.

 

Thoma, Axel (1998b, “Focus on the San in Southern Africa. The San’s Struggle to Participate in Directing Tourism Development”. Contours, Vol 8

 

Thoma, Axel and Braam LeRoux (1995) Project Proposal for an Assessment of the Situation of the San Population in Angola, Botswana Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.  Windhoek, Namibia.

 

Thoma, Axel in conjunction with Mathambo Ngakaeaja and Kuru Development Trustees (1995) Qaeqare and D’Kar Land Use and Development Plan. Windhoek, Namibia: Kuru Development Trust.

 

Thoma, Axel and Janine Piek (1997) Customary Law and Traditional Authority of the San.  Center for Applied Social Sciences (CASS) Paper no. 36.  Windhoek, Namibia: University of Namibia.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1958) The Harmless People.  New York:  Random House, Vintage Books.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1994) Management of Violence among the Ju/wasi of Nyae Nyae: The Old Way and a New Way.  In Studying War: Anthropological Perspectives, S.P. Reyna and R.E. Downs, eds. Pp. 69-84.  Langhorne, Pennsylvania: Gordon and Breach.

 

Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2006) The Old Way: A Story of the First People.  New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

 

Tobias, Phillip V. (1956) On the Survival of the Bushmen, with an Estimate of the Problem Facing Anthropologists Africa 26:174-186.

 

Tobias, Phillip V. (1957) Bushmen of the Kalahari. Man 57:33-40.

 

Tobias, Phillip V. (1975) Fifteen Years of Study on the Kalahari Bushmen or San: A Brief History of the Kalahari Research Committee.  South African Journal of Science 71:74-78.

 

Tobias, P.V. ed. (1978) The Bushmen:  San Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa.  Cape Town: Human and Rousseau.

 


Valiente‑Noailles, Carlos (1993) The Kua: Life and Soul of the Central Kalahari Bushmen. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.

 

Vierich, Helga I.D. (1977) Interim Report on Basarwa and Related Poor Bakgalagadi in Kweneng District.  Report to the Ministry of Local Government and Lands, Gaborone, Botswana.

 

Vierich, Helga (1979) Drought 1979:  Socioeconomic Survey of Drought Impact in Kweneng. Gaborone, Botswana: Ministry of Agriculture.

 

Vierich, Helga I.D. (1981) The Kua of the Southeastern Kalahari:  A Study in the Socio‑ecology of Dependency.  Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

 

Vierich, Helga .I.D. (1982) Adaptive Flexibility in a Multi‑Ethnic Setting: The Basarwa of the Southern Kalahari.  In Politics and History in Band Societies, Eleanor Leacock and Richard Lee, eds. pp. 213‑222.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press.

 

Vierich, Helga (2008) Wilderness, Wild Foods, Subsistence, and Identity for Hunter-Gatherers: An Ethnographic Report. Before Farming 2008/1:1-9.

 

Vierich, Helga I.D. and Robert K. Hitchcock (1979) Kutse Game Reserve:  Field Trip to a Drought‑prone Environment.  In Proceedings of the Symposium on Drought in Botswana, Madalon T. Hinchey, ed.  pp. 2l‑30.  Gaborone, Botswana:  Botswana Society in collaboration with Clark University Press.

 

Vierich, Helga I.D. and Robert K. Hitchcock (1996)  Kua: Farmer/Foragers of the

Eastern Kalahari, Botswana.  In Cultural Diversity Among Twentieth Century Foragers: 

An African Perspective, Susan Kent, ed.  pp. 108-124.  Cambridge:  Cambridge

University Press.

 

Vinding, Diana (2004) Struggling for the Right to Return:  The Residents of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve Vs. the Government of Botswana.  Indigenous Affairs 4/03:20-25.

 

Widlok, Thomas (1999) Living on Mangetti: ‘Bushman’ Autonomy and Namibian Independence. London: Oxford University Press.

 


Wiessner, Pauline (1977) Hxaro:  A Regional System of Reciprocity for Reducing Risk among the !Kung San.  Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

 

Wilmsen, E.N. (1982b) Migration of Remote Area Dwellers.  In Migration in Botswana:  Patterns, Causes and Consequences, Carol Kerven, ed. pp. 337‑376.  Gaborone, Botswana:  Government  Printer.

 

Wilmsen, E.N. (1985) The Impact of Land Tenure Policies on the Future of the San.  In The Future of Former Foragers:  Australia and Southern Africa, Carmel Schrire and Robert Gordon, eds.  pp. 93‑98.  Cambridge, Massachusetts:  Cultural Survival.

 

Wilmsen, E.N. (1988) The Political History of Minorities and Its Bearing on Current Policy.  In Botswana:  Education, Culture, and Politics, Alan Barnard, ed. pp. 29‑52. Edinburgh:  Center of African Studies, University of Edinburgh.

 


Wilmsen, E.N. (1989a) Land Filled with Flies:  A Political Economy  of the Kalahari.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

 

Wilmsen, E.N. (1989b) Those Who Have Each Other:  San Relations to Land.  In We Are Here: Politics of  Aboriginal Land Tenure, Edwin N. Wilmsen, ed. pp. 43‑67.  Berkeley:  University of California Press.

 

Wily, Elizabeth A. (1979) Official Policy Towards San (Bushmen) Hunter‑ Gatherers in Modern Botswana:  1966‑1978.  Gaborone, Botswana:  National Institute of Development and Cultural Research.

 

Wily, Elizabeth A. (1981) The TGLP and Hunter‑Gatherers:  A Case Study in Land Politics.  Gaborone, Botswana: National Institute of Development and Cultural Research.

 

Wily, Elizabeth A. (1982) A Strategy of Self‑Determination for the Kalahari San (The Botswana Government's Programme of Action in the Ghanzi Farms).  Development and Change l3(2):29l‑308.

 

Wily, Elizabeth A. (1994) Hunter-Gatherers in Botswana and the Land Issue.  Indigenous Affairs 2/94:6-19.  Copenhagen, Denmark:  International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.

 

Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (2003) The San of Southern Africa, Heritage and Intellectual Property. Windhoek, Namibia:  WIMSA.

 

Wright, John B. (1971) Bushman Raiders of the Drakensberg, 1840‑1870.  Pietermaritzburg, South Africa:  University of Natal Press.

 

Wright, John and Aron Mazel (2007) Tracks in a Mountain Range: Exploring the History of the Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.

 

Wyckoff-Baird, Barbara (1996) Democracy: Indicators from Ju/’hoan Bushmen in Namibia.  Cultural Survival Quarterly 20(2):18-21.

 

Young, Elspeth (1995) Third World in the First: Development and Indigenous Peoples.  London: Routledge.

 

Historical Treatments

 

Anderson, A.A. (1888) Twenty five Years in a Wagon:  Sport and Travel in South Africa.  London: Chapman and Hall.

 

Baines, Thomas (1864) Explorations in South-West Africa.  London: Longmans, Green and Co.

 

Bleek, W.H.I. (1873) Scientific Reasons for the Study of the Bushman Language.  Cape Monthly Magazine, Vol VII, September, 1873, pp. 149-154.

 

Bleek, W.H.I. and L.C. Lloyd (1911) Specimens of Bushman Folklore.  London: George Allen.

 

Bryden, H.A. (1893) Gun and Camera in Southern Africa:  A Year of Wanderings in Bechuanaland, the Kalahari Desert, and the Lake River Country, Ngamiland, with Notes on Colonization, Natives, Natural History, and Sport.  London: Edward Stanford.

 

Chapman, James (1971) Travels in the Interior of South Africa 1849-1863: Hunting and Trading Journeys from Natal to Walvis Bay and Visits to Lake Ngami and Victoria Falls. Edward C. Tabler, ed.  Two Volumes.  Cape Town: A.A. Balkema.

 

Cumming, R.G. (1870)  Five Years Adventure in the Far Interior of South Africa. London:  Murray.

 

Decle, Lionel (1900) Three Years in Savage Africa.  London: Books of Rhodesia.

 

Holub, Emil (1881)  Seven Years in South Africa: Travels, Research and Adventures Between the Diamond Fields and the Zambezi (1872-1879).  London:  Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington.

 


MacKenzie, John (1971) Ten Years North of the Orange River:  A Story of Everyday Life and Work among the South African Tribes from 1859-1869.  Edinburgh:  Edmonston and Douglas.

 

Mohr, Edward (1876) To the Victoria Falls of the Zambezi. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington.

 

Oates, Frank (1881) Matabele Land and the Victoria Falls:  A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Interior of South Africa. C.G. Oates, editor.  London:  C. Kegan Paul and Company.

 

Schulz, Aurel and August Hammer (1897) The New Africa:  A New Journey up the Chobe and Down the Okavango Rivers.  A Record of Exploration and Sport. London:  William Heinemann.

 


Stow, G.W. (1905) The Native Races of South Africa:  A History of the Intrusion of the Hottentots and Bantu onto the Hunting Grounds of the Bushmen, The Aborigines of the Country.

London:  Swan Sonnenschein and Company.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1954a) The Hunters’ Road: Shoshong to the Matabele Capital. African Notes and News 11(3):69-80.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1954b) The Hunters’ Road: Khami River to the Hunyani River. African Notes and News 11(4):121-133.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1955a) The Western Old Lake Route: Shoshong to the Zambezi. African Notes and News 11(8):297-309.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1955b) The Westbeech Road: Tati to Nwasha Pan. African Notes and News 11(9):183-187.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1956) Historic Route from the Loser Botletle River to the Chobe River. African Notes and News 12(2):35-43.

 

Tabler, Edward C. (1960) Zambezia and Matebeleland in the Seventies: The Narrative of Frederick Hugh Barber 1875 and 1877-78 and the Journal of Richard Frewen 1877-1878. London: Chatto and Windus.

 

Tabler, Edward C., ed. (1960) Zambezia and Matabeleland in the Seventies: The Narrative of Frederick Hugh Barber 1875 and 1877-78 and the Journal of Richard Frewen 1877-1878. London: Chatto and Windus.

 

Tagart, E.S.B. (1933) Report on the Conditions Existing among Masarwa in the Bamangwato Reserve of the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Certain Other Matters Appertaining to the Natives Living Therein.  Pretoria, South Africa:  Government Printer.

 

Wilmsen, Edwin N., ed. (1997) The Kalahari Ethnographies (1896-1898) of Siegfried Passarge.  Nineteenth Century Khoisan and Bantu-Speaking Peoples.  Koln, Germany: Rudiger Koppe Verlag.

 

Web Sites

 

Botswana Government Website

www.bot.gov/home.html

 

Kalahari Peoples Fund.

http://www.kalaharipeoples.org

 

International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs

http://www.iwgia.org

 

Survival International

http://www.survivalinternational.org

 

Cultural Survival

http://www.cs.org